A Comprehensive Phylogeny of Beetles Reveals the Evolutionary Origins of a Superradiation.
Beetles represent almost one-fourth of all described species,
and knowledge about their relationships and evolution adds to
our understanding of biodiversity. We performed a comprehensive
phylogenetic analysis of Coleoptera inferred from three genes
and nearly 1900 species, representing more than 80% of the world's
recognized beetle families. We defined basal relationships in
the Polyphaga supergroup, which contains over 300,000 species,
and established five families as the earliest branching lineages.
By dating the phylogeny, we found that the success of beetles
is explained neither by exceptional net diversification rates
nor by a predominant role of herbivory and the Cretaceous rise
of angiosperms. Instead, the pre-Cretaceous origin of more than
100 present-day lineages suggests that beetle species richness
is due to high survival of lineages and sustained diversification
in a variety of niches.